The nuclear energy The nuclear energy is obtained by means of the nuclear fusion, as well as by means of the nuclear fission. First it is in investigation, and it is obtained in laboratories, since more energy in the obtaining is used that the obtained one by means of this process, and for that reason, still he is not viable. The fission is the one that is used at the moment in the nuclear power stations. The process of nuclear fission is very dangerous. As much energy is generated that can take place an explosion, as it happens in an atomic pump.
In a nuclear power station, the fission is controlled so that the generated energy does not cause explosions. The nuclear energy obtained to the Italian scientist Enrico to it Fermi in 1942 for the first time. Fermi constructed the first nuclear reactor. In uranium was used to produce heat. This type of reactor is only used in the nuclear power stations of electrical energy. The energy that maintains atoms of a molecule united is much smaller than the energy than unites protons and neutrons of the nucleus of an atom. Chemical reactions by means of which exist it is possible to release the energy of molecules, and exist nuclear reactions that manage to release the energy of the nuclei. Given the different nature of the chemical connection and the nuclear connection, a nuclear reaction develops an amount of energy incomparably greater than a chemical reaction.
The energy released by a nuclear reaction is several million times greater than the released one by a chemical reaction. The energy produced by the fission of 1 kg of Uranian-235, is equivalent to the energy that can be obtained from the combustion of 2 400 tons of coal. The development of energy goes accompanied of a mass disappearance, according to a law of equivalence between mass and energy discovered by Albert Einstein, famous formula E=MC2, where and it is the released Energy, M the mass difference or increase, and C is the speed of the light. This equation means that the mass can be transformed the other way around into Energy and, the energy in mass. According to this formula, when in a process mass is lost, this does not disappear immediately, is transformed into energy, according to the previous formula. According to this formula, a small amount of mass, releases great amount of energy, because the speed of the light to the square is: 90.000.000.000 .000.000, that when multiplying it by the mass, is a great energy in comparison with the transformed mass.
For example, if a milligram of mass is transformed into energy, we have it released Energy is: And = 0.000001Kg x .000.000 90.000.000.000 = 90.000.000.000 90 Julies = giga Julies.
In order to become an idea of the given off energy, we suppose that we have a nuclear reactor that is able to transform a milligram of mass into energy in one hour, and that takes advantage of all the energy. Then, the power would be W=E/T, where and it is Energy and T the time. One hour they are 3,600 seconds, soon W = 90.000.000.000/3600 = 25.000.000 Watios = 25 megawatts. A conventional house, consumes about 3.3 kilowatts/hour.
If we have this in account, we have with that energy we could satisfy to 7,576 homes that count on a TV, furnace, refrigerator, stove, etc., although if we considered that they do not arrive at the Maxima power, because almost never hour is arrived at 3300 watios/, and that at night as soon as they consume energy, could be satisfied to more with the double of homes. In the nuclear power stations, there are many Uranium cylinders, and with it a great amount of energy is obtained, since a power of about 900 megawatts is obtained, being the energy provided by the nuclear power stations. Electricity when taking advantage of the energy stored in the nucleus atoms is obtained. In some very heavy atoms, the nucleus can be divided in two smaller parts. The process of nuclear fission releases an enormous amount of heat, that in a nuclear power station is used to make boil the water; the steam impels a turbine that, when turning, drives a generator and this one produces the electricity.
The first practical application was the atomic pump, in which an energy of 12 kilotons was freed (energy equivalent to 12,000 tons of explosive TNT), destroying a whole city. This is a form of liberation of energy of uncontrolled form. In the nuclear power stations, the process is controlled, so that the energy is not gigantic, since it would destroy the reactor, and would be transformed into an atomic pump. In the decade of the 70, there was a great power crisis originated by the shortage of petroleum. This promoted the construction of the first nuclear power stations of the world, having by fuel the Uranium, thus avoiding, to have to depend on petroleum, and the exporting countries, since with the Uranium reserves, it is possible to be continued producing energy by means of this, during hundreds of years. At the moment, approximately 450 nuclear reactors in the world exist, that approximately generate 16% of the total of the generated world-wide energy.
